DNS2 min read
How does DNS work?
From typing a name to getting an address: resolvers, root servers, TLDs, caching and TTLs, in plain language.
Blog
Practical explanations of how the internet actually works.
- Privacy2 min read
What is CGNAT (carrier-grade NAT)?
Why your provider may be sharing one public IPv4 address with hundreds of customers, how to tell, and what it breaks.
- IP addresses2 min read
Why does my IP address change?
Dynamic leases, router restarts, mobile networks and IPv6 privacy addresses: the everyday reasons your IP isn't constant.
- IP addresses2 min read
Public vs private IP addresses
Why your laptop's address starts with 192.168 while websites see something else — and what that means for connectivity and privacy.
- IP addresses2 min read
CIDR and subnets, explained with examples
What /24 means, how to calculate network and broadcast addresses, and how to split a network into subnets — without memorising tables.
- Privacy2 min read
How IP geolocation works — and why it's often wrong
Location databases don't know where you are. They know where an address block is probably used. The difference matters.
- Routing2 min read
What is an ASN (autonomous system number)?
The internet is about 80,000 independent networks agreeing to carry each other's traffic. Each one has a number. Here's what it means.
- IP addresses2 min read
IPv4 vs IPv6: what actually changes
Address size is the headline, but the real differences are in how networks are numbered, how devices configure themselves, and what happens to NAT.
- IP addresses2 min read
What is an IP address?
The number that identifies your connection on the internet — what it is, who assigns it, and what it does and doesn't reveal about you.